“Houjik Tougadaba Karino?”: Lamyanba Irabot ki Wareng

Wareng gi matang da 

“Houjik Tougadaba Karino?” hairiba Lamyanba Irabot ki wareng asi ehan hanba oina 1932 da Yakairol gi May-June tha gi chefong da fongkhibani. Wareng asi Lamyanba Irabot na leingaklon gi hiram da nouna khongdaba hourakpa matamgi wareng ni haiba yaagani. Mahakna Sadar Panchayat ki member oiringei da eekhiba ni. Manipur gi communist ehou, Nupee lal, Nikhil Hindu Manipuri Mahasabha semkhiba na chingba Manipur gi kun suba chahi cha gi maru oiba tangkak kaya sing adugi mamangda leiramba mahakki wakhanlon adu wareng asida uba fangani. Matam adu leibak asigi meeyam na senmitlon gi awaba kham thengna nangba matam ni. Laining amasung amaang-aseng gi ming da ningthou, bamon sabha amasung angam-athou singna senkhai meeyamdagi khomgatlamee (Khuraijam 2016, 83). British loilam leingak na tongan tongan ba makhal gi senkhai khomgatuna meeyamda kham thengna awaba pirammi. Great Depression haina khangnaba malem gi mafam kayada senmitlon kham thengna sontharakpagi tanjasu ni. Matam adu British ki loilam leibak singda angakpa fangna pot chei, maru oina loumi singna puthokpa, cheng hawai na chingba, sing gi mamal hongtharakpa matamni. Sel kham thengna nangbana lou amasung lam gi senkhai peeba ngamdaduna sana-lupa yonduna British ta senkhai peebagi wari matamdugi British ki loilam leibak sing gi puwari da yaori. Sana-lupa sing asi England tanna puduna makhoigi senmitlon phagathanbada sijinakhi (Patnaik 2014). 

Manipur su malem gi oiba Great Depression asigi awa-cheitheng nangkhidaba natte. Manipur gi 1931-32 gi Administration Report ki matung enna Manipur sinba thungna matamduda sel gi achinba [“general scarcity of money”] leire haina hairi (Harvey 1932, 32). Manipur da Great Depression na maram oiduna lou-u sing-uriba meeyoi sing gi phuritkhao da sel amata leitare, sel puuge haibasu fangdare haina report asida eeri (ibid., 8) (1). Oirakliba fibam asida lou amasung lam gi senkhai leingak ta peeba ngamnadaduna meeyamna awaba kaya nangkhi amasung loilam leingak na meeyamdagi namduna sel khomgatkhi (ibid., 30). 

“Houjik tougadaba karino ?” hairiba wareng asida Lamyanba Irabot na matam aduda leiramba senmitlon gi fibam khara marik laana palli. Thengnariba senmitlon gi fibam adubu yaningdaba amaga loinana karemnaraduna Lamyanba Irabot na wareng asida asumna eeri: 

“Laina kripa toubiramalle eikhoi khwaina ningjaba kanmankhramalle kumsi-di phou-cheng ngamna honghanbire…Phoutabu natte phirol ensang napi loina honglabani, asida Manipur asi mangaire eikhoi pumnamakna nungaire hairiba. Pot sing asi leibadadi sel na lupa peisa na leigadabani, sel adudi karam touri.”

Makha tarakpada sel leinadabagi awaba palladuna sel di leitana karamna hongliba pot chei sing adu leigadouribano haina wahang hangli. Sel nangliba asina maram oiduna “achou, apiksak, arei-leita khaidana mee pumnamak” kham thengna wanari. Lou pari tara/kun chaba faoba leibak asida loilam leingak ki senkhai peebada waraba matam amani haina wareng asida hairi. 

Pabiyu: “Meitei gi Esei” amasung “Meitei Leima”: Lamyanba Irabot ki Honglakkhiba Wakhanlon”

British India gi manung channa leiba loilam leibak sing da oirakliba senmitlon gi fibam asina maram oiduna tongan tonganba ehou sing poklak-khi, masagi laamgi oiba pothok singbu yokhatpa, meeram dagi British loilam leingak na pusillakpa pot chei sing sijinadaba, thum gi ehou na chingba kaya ama thoklak-khi. Manipur dasu masigi safu leikhi. Adubu matang asida panba yaabadi Lamyanba Irabot ki matung enna British India gi loilam leibak ateidagi Manipur na nungliba awa cheitheng asina yamna helli. Oirakliba fibam asi senmitlon da meepan taangba amasung loilam leingak ki pathap sing na youhallakhibani haina wareng asida mahakna utli. Loilam leingak na athingba thambana maram oiduna cheng asi matam aduda supnatagi tha khara mapanda thadoktuna yonbagi ayaba lei. Athingba asina maram oiduna 1932 da Manipur da phou yamna puthoklabasu mapanda thadoktuna yonbada fangadaba sel adu lakpa ngamdare haina Lamyanba Irabot na hairi. Manipur gi Administration Report ta su thangnaba leibak sing da sen-thum gi fibam sokchilakpana (“financial depression”) lamdam asida phou yamna puthoklabasu leibinaba leitadana lamdam sigi loumi sing ekan kanadare haina palli (ibid., 22) (2). Manipur gi oiba phi saabagi sinfam asi yokhatnaba amasung mapangi phi leibada yamlaba senjao ama chahi khuding gi chat-han-khibasi toudanaba mahakna wareng asida wahamli. Meetei thum sungfam sing yokhatpana leibak ki senthok ama oibata nattana mayang thum leibada leibak asigi meeyam dagi chatkhiba sel asi thingba ngamgani hainasu mahakna hairi. Khongthang sing asina Manipur gi senmitlon bu henna fahanba ngamgani, sotharaba senmitlon asibu anouba maikei piba ngamgani haiba asini. Masina mahakkhi wahang houjik tougadaba karino haiba asigi paokhum ni haina piri. 

Malem gi leibak ateiga senmitlon gi lam da Manipur mee-maan-na-da-re haibagi nungnangba adu eikhoina wareng asida ubba fangli. Senmitlon gi lam da sotharaba Manipur gi meeyam asi “meerak tinba ngamnaba” hotnabada esagi pothok sing yokhatpada nattana lalon itik amasung khut sa heiba mathou tare natrabadi, “hunna kangdrum” ga pangkhak oiba punsi ama soidana oiragani haina matamduda Lamyanba Irabot na wareng asigi aroibada fongdokli.

Lamyanba Irabot na Yakairol chefong gi eekhiba “Houjik Tougadaba Karino?” hairiba wareng asi Roman mayek-ta eeduna makhada leijare: 

 Houjik Tougadaba Karino?

– Hijam Irabot  

Thaina haibasu yaare – chahi niphu gi mamangda Manipur da hong-lamba pot chei di sel chamma na emung manung amagi channa-thaknaba pot chei leiba oklammi.  Phou sangbaida ana amata karigumbada adudagisu taa na pirami haina ahal laman singna wari touyi. Adubu houjikti ekhoi da di wari oina thokle. Matam adoh nungaibanida haiduna ahal lammanna taksi sonnari. Houjik-su khwai pumnamak na “hey lai ebungo” kumsi asi ngahong chakhonghanbiyu haiduna lai khurumnari. Laina kripa toubiramalle eikhoi khwaina ningjaba kanmankhramalle kumsi-di phou-cheng ngamna honghanbire. Eikhoina khangjarakpadagi ngasi faoba chahi kunthara muksigi manungda lupa amagi phou sangbai ahum-mari touba asi kumsi thengnariba asi mangairi. Phou ta bu natte phirol ensang napi loina honglabani, asida Manipur asi mangaire eikhoi pumnamakna nungaire hairiba? Pot sing asi leibadi sel na lupa peisa na leigadabani, sel adudi karam touri? Sel da Meetei na nangliba haifam leitare, achou, apiksak, arei-leita khaidana mee pumnamak uura humdang masing thiduna paanba hainaba adumak yourakadoure. Sel gi aavasthyadi Bharat ki desh pumnamak yamna fattrabani. Adumnadi oirabada Manipur asina khwaidagi thoidok hendokna wariba asi karinano ? 

Sel tannaba maru oiba lambeldi lalon etik touba, louwu-singubanachingba asini. Meetei gi manungda lalon-etik touba mee erei leiba natte, lou-ubadi Manipur gi Meetei gi khwaidagi maru oiba thabakni (sin-ni). Chengna khwaidagi maru oiba lalonpot ni, anisubada phi ni. Chengna hongbaga meereipakta puduna yonnaba hukum ga leitabana maru oiba cheng-gi karbar asidi echat chattare hairabasu yaare. Aduna eikhoina meereibaktagi sel pusilaknaba lambi amadi thingle. Phi asi meereipakta chatli haibasu yaade, chatte haibasu yaade, machatliba haiba aduni. phegi maramdadi Manipur asi Manchester of Assam haibada thoina chopkani ningjade. Manipur gi yum khundingmak tareng, yum khudingda  yongkham amamam lei hairabasu lalloi. Asigi mathakta khwangi phi na-chingba phi kaya amasu saari. Moithap naiba phi saabana nupigi maru oiri. Lasing su eikhoigi maikei marida koiduna leiriba chingda awatpa leitana faangli. Meetei rang gi ningthijaba phi eikhoina setna ennaba, sijinabagi mathakta lemduna meereipaktta yollaga sel khara khara pusilakkee. Asumna pusilakeeba sel asi chahi amada lupa lakh ani-ahum lom oigani. Eikhoigi Meetei nupi na saaba feijom furit ki ennaphi na-chingba na hongliba, kal-liba hainingai leite. Asida eikhoi afaba potti fattaba oina meegi ataangba phi leiduna sijinariba asisu meereibakki meena uudaba khangdaba natte. Asida Meetei eikhoibu karamba fibamda khallamgadabage haibasi amuktang khanduna yengsi. Eikhoina meereibakki phi leiduna sijinariba asida eikhoidagi (Manipur da gi) chatkriba sel asi chahi amada yamdana paarabada lupa lakh tara muk mawoihansi. 

Kumsidi Meetei bhadralok ayambana Manipur gi phi furit pheijom, ennaphi na-chingba khara sijinnaba asida lupa kharadi taana chatlamgani haiba khanjarubada onthokna nungaijei. Phi ta da eikhoi gi di meereibatkta chatkhriba selna yamni. Parabada lupa lakh taruk-taret oihallabasu eikhoigi phi yollaga lakpada chaorak na lupa lakh ahum-mari oihallabasu lakh ahum-mari henkhare. Lakpada chatkhigadabada chatkhibana hellabada kari lemhoufam thokpage ? Meetei na Meetei gi phi sijinarakpadi ngasi narangdagi natte, chahi chamma-channi gi mamangdagi sijinaraklabani. Houjikta da kethokpa hellakpana meereibakki ningthiraba mamal yamlaba phi setna-enarakpani. Amasung khanduna yengbiyu. Eikhoina saaba lupa ani peeba phi yollaga lupa taruk, tara, kun, kunthara peeba fajaraba samtugi phina chingba leiduna  setna ennari. Meitei eikhoina sel taannaba lambidi erei leitraba awabagi panthenglaba matam lou sangam amatang chabdagi houduna lou pari tara kun chaba faoba khwaigi thawai hingnafam haina lou engkhol khajana thiba ngamdaduna leiraba matam asida ningthijaba ahongba akanba yum yumda thokpa phi di hundoktuna arembada lupa asuk yamna pithokpa asibu eikhoibu asingbani, enak khunbani khanfam thokkadaro. 

Meitei eikhoina palliba yumbandi – ayuk numidang gi channaba cheng nattana thum thaonachingba pumnamak meengondagi taangbani. Yumbando eina haijariba asigi mathakta hisab amaga utchage –

Thum thao haibasi yum khudingda nongmada peisa ama natraga ani dagi soidana leidaba yaadraba mareiraba pot amani. Nongmata yum khuding gi peisa amamamgi thum leihallasi, Manipur asi yumsing kaya oigadage haiduna yengbiyu, yumsing lising tara muk oihansi adu oirabadi peisasu aduk oire aduna lupa kaya subage hisab toubiyu. Nongmada tara chatkhiba lupa ado tha amada kaya chatkhare, chahi da kaya chatkhare hisab toubiyu. Lupa adoh eikhoina Meetei thum oiduna mayang thum achouba charakpa chahi kaya suuraba andaaj chahi niphu asida kaya chatkhraba? Asibu eikhoigi leijariba Meetei-thum asi eikhoina meeraibadagi eikhoida leigadaba sel chatkharabani. Eikhoigi thum khong leiriba houjikmak thabak touba yaariba masing yamdaba natte, asi sijinaribadi state ki su aie hengatkani eikhoigisu fangfam thoki. Meetei eikhoigi Meetei thum asi ningthina sijinnaradi houjik thabak paidaduna thumkhong kaya ama leiriba asisu soidana hinglagadabani. Adu oirabadi thum asi meereibakta thabasu soidana asum yafam thokee. Meetei thum bu eikhoina lai gi ta oihan asengbani haiduna eikhoina yengdaba asi touraganusi.  

Asina Meetei echil-enao pumnamak wakhal hanthana chaning taana khanthaduna yengbiba matam yourakle. Eikhoigi awabana asi youraba asida eikhoina eikhoigi hisab yengjaba matam yourakle. Nitigi nga ngakta chaba meesu ensang leitabadi chamfut chaba masilni. Matam kharadang leiringei sida hotnahoudrabadi mameida Meetei eikhoisi hunna kangdrum soidana oiragani. Asi thoktanaba karbar chaokhatnaba khutsa heibagi maramda chaokhatnaba hotnaduna beitarani turel mapandagi amuktang hallaktuna mirak tinba ngamnaba hotnahousi. Asini nattana houjik tougadaba karino? 

Mayang Wahei Singi Wahanthok

Aavasthya: Fibam 

Aie: Senthok

Beitarani Turel: Meeyoiba na sirabaa matunda  thawai adugi khongchat ta langadaba turen ama ni. 

Bhadralok: Leibak macha taaba mee

Desh: Leibak 

Hisab: Anka

Hukum: Yathang

Karbar: Lalon-itik touba

Kripa: Chanbiba

Peisa: Sel 

Notes: 

1. Manipur gi Administration Report, 1931-32 (Harvey 1932, 8) da asumna eeri: 

Manipur has suffered, as elsewhere, from the general financial depression of all the markets with the result that the cultivators have little money to pay their revenue and find increasingly difficult to borrow.

2. 1932 da pothok-chathok marang kairabasu loumi sing kannafam khangdare haibagi matangda Manipur gi Administration Report, 1931-32 (Harvey 1932,22) ta asumna eeri: 

Weather was good throughout the year and the crops were universally good over the whole valley. The rice crops in the valley may be reckoned as near as sixteen aana crops as it has been for many years, and the tragedy is all the greater that a year has proven of such little benefit to the cultivators owing to the financial depression of the neighbouring districts and countries. 

References

Harvey, C.W.L. 1932. Administration Report, Manipur State, 1931-32. Imphal: State Printing Press. 

Hijam, Irabot. 1932. “Houjik Tougadaba Karino?.” Birth Centenery Celeberation Of Jananeta Irabot Singh. Edit touba L Damudor Singh (1996).

Khuraijam, Bijoykumar.2016. “Religious Revivalism and Colonial Rule: Origin of Sanamahi Movement.” Colonialism and Resistance: Society and State in Manipur. Edit touba Arambam, Noni amasung Sanatomba Kangujam.

Patniak, Utsa. 2014. “India in the World Economy 1900 to 1935: The Inter-War Depression and Britain as World Captialist Leader.” Social Scientist. Vol.2. No. ½.