Manipur da Nupi na Lairik Tamba: Puwari amasung Apan-ba Sing

Lairik laisu tamba, mahei tamba haibasi yamna maru oiba amani. Leibak ama semgatpa amadi manaba khunnai semge hairabadi wakhal lousing leiba tai. Nupa amadi nupi animak chap manana mahei masing mapung fana tambagi khudong chaba pigadabani. Nupi asi malemgi mityeng da tollabi sonjabi amagumna loina ui. Mahei masing tambana akhoida karigumba thabak ama touba nattraga thabak ama pangthok pada, wakhalda, lichatta amadi esada kannaba lousing kaya ama tansinba fanghalli. 

Nupi Sing na Lairik Tamba Hourakpa 

Karamba matamdagi nupina lairik tamba hourakkhi, amadi karamba matamdagi lairik eeba – paba hourakkhi? Nupi sing gi matangda neinarakpa matamda hairiba sing asi hangdaba yaadaba wahang sing ni. Maramdi lairik mayek tamba, eeba, paba ngamba haibasi mee amagi wakhal khanbagi mawong, khalliba wakhal sing adu thabak oina onthokpagi mawong, wakhal khanthaba ngamba, khanba ngambagi thouna ga yamna nakna mari leinei amadi masina enot haplibani. Ngallingei matamda nupi amata paba, eeba mayek amta khanglamde. Leiramliba Maharani amatasu lairik mayek chatlamde. Masigee mayek laraba khudamdi Cheitharol kumbaba yaona Puya amatada nupina eramba thengnade. Nupisingbu lairik mayek chathandaba haibasi yamna sathiba makhalgi namthaba amani. Masina nupisinggi wakhallonbu namthabani.

Manipur da nongchuplomgi education system asi laktringeidagi houna lairik tamba haibasi leirak-e adubu supnagi ningthoukon amasung angam athou khak ki oina tourami aduga mapham aduda pandit singna makhoibu tak-e. Meeyamgi oiba loisangdi leiramde. Adubu Manipur da lairik mayek tamba, eeba pabaga loinana mahei masing tambagi mawong asigi mamangda  chinhai oina lairik mayek yaodana mahei masing tambagi mawong di leijarammi. Masida nattana lairik mayek sijinnaduna ngallingei matamda eeramba lairik kaya ama leiri. Ayeeba kaya amasu yaori. Adubu haininglibadi ngallingei matamda lairik eba, paba, amadi lairik phongbada nupisingna kari karamba thoudang lourakpage haibasini.

Nupi Sing na Mahei Sang da Chatpa Hourakpa

Mahei masing tambada nupi singsu chaoraba thoudang louwe. Houjik eikhoigi khunnai asida ahongba kaya porakpada nupi kaya amana saruk yaaduna lakli.  Manipur gi nupisingna khunnai asida yamna top toppa makhal gi thoudang kaya, naat, laining amasung senmitlon na chinba gi hiram singda louri . Adum oinamak, hannadi maheisang sing asi leiramde.  British na lamdam asida laktringei da nupi lairik tamba masing yamna yamde, tamba ngamnaba gi khudongchaba su leikhide. Masida nattana emung amada nupina lairik tamba asi kaya chatnaramde. Kum sing 1898-99 faoba mahei sang amatta leitabana makhoigi mahei pumnamak emung dagi tamnakhi. Manipur gi nupising di phi-saba, chak thongba amadi loukumba khwaidagi heibane haina lounarammi. Maram asina mama-mapa oiba singnasu nupisingbu mahei sang da lairik tamba thabagi matangda thoidokna khannade. Amaromda nupisingdi emunggi thabak engkhang da yamna kannaba na maram oiraga mahei sangda nupi singbu chat-hanbasi mangjaba oina khannarammi. Masina maram oiduna nupising-gi mahei loisang semgatpa da awaba oikhibani. Adubu matam gi matung enna nupi singgi oiba mahei loisang kya ama mathang mathang  semgatnare. English lon da mahei tamluraba sing na nupisinggi mahei masing tambagi matang da khunnai asida ehou sagatnaba hotnarakpani.

Leingak na kum sing 1899 foubada nupi sing gi mahei loisang saba da pukning changlamde. Maram di lairik tamnaba nupi macha masing yamdaba amasung wakhal lousing thokpa mi yamna leitaba na maram oiduna thaina gi oiba wakhal londa taoduna leibana. Kum sing 1891 da British na Manipur bu lousinkhraba matung,  primary mahei sang kaya ama lingak khi. Masidagi mahei tambagi masing hengatlak khi. Nupising mahei tamme haidunasu nupa singga chap manaroi haiba khanglaba su Manipur da di nupisingna yamna maru oiba senmitlon gi thoudang loubanina soidana kanarak kani haina khanba dagini. Ahanbada nupisinggi mahei loisang sagatlakpada yamna nungnangba kaya amadi thokkhi. Panba yaaba amadi nupi singbu eba-paba tambiraga, heiraba matung, yum panba yaraba kanda makhoina England da pukhigani haibana chingba kaya ama ngangnarakhi. Lairik laisu heiraba nupi oja kaya ama thoklak padagi nupi singbu tapna tapna mahei sang sing da thaba hounarak khi. 

Nupi Sing Tagi Oiba Mahei Sang 

Kum sing 1898-99 da nupi sing gi oina ehan hanna Manipur gi Imphal gi mafam amada mahei sang ama lingkhatkhi. Ahanba chahi sida supnagi nupi ani khak mahei sang duda lairik tamba lakkhi. Matamdugi leingak na nupi oja hapnaba su hotnakhi. Kum sing 1899 gi December da nupi oja ama phangduna nupising gi oiba L.P school  ama Moirangkhomda ling-khat khi. Mahei sang asi gi ahanba houba numitta nupi macha tara nithoi ming chankhi aduga March 1900 faobada nupi macha yangkhei humdoi sukhi. Aduga 1913-14 da Assam gi Chief Commissioner, Sir Archdale Earle, na Bengal gi nupi macha singna tamnabagidamak Manipur da Lady Earle Girls mahei sang lingkhatkhi. 1914 gi March faobada nupi macha tara mapan ming chankhi. Kum sing 1931-32 dagi Lady RL Girls mahei sang da Meetei nupi machasing ming chanba yaare.

Kum sing 1935 ta ahanba oina nupi sing gi high school  ama ningthou Churachand na mahakki machanupi ahal Tamphasana gi ming louduna lingkhat-khi. Kum sing 1946 gi June 1 da leingakna mahei sang asi lousanduna leingak ki mahei sang oikhi. Kum sing 1947 gi faoba da nupi sing na mahei tambada thawoina lounaramde, maram di nupi singgi di mayumda lengdana leibana fajaba lambine haina khannabanani, aduna mahei sang asi sen paiba amadi ningthoukon gi meeyoi sing tagi macha masu danggi tampham oina khanna khi. Anisuba lanjao gi matungdagi di Manipur da nupi singgi mahei tampham sang masing yamkhatlak khi amadi nupi macha kaya ama thoklak tuna mahei tamba hounakhi. 1946 ta Manipur da ahanba college ningthou machanupi Dhanamanjuri leima gi mamingda lingkhatkhi, amadi masa makna lupa lising tara amasu college ki damakta puthokkhi. Houjik ti leingak ki mahei sang da nattana lanai gi oiba mahei sang kaya ama lingkhattuna mahei masing ningthijana tamba fangle, nupa nupi punna tamba yaba mahei sang amadi college kaya amasu leire. 

Nupi na Lairik Tambada Thengnariba Apanba Sing  

Maraksida leingakna nupi sing gi oiba mahei sang ningthijana thamlak taba da nattana, emung amada nupisingbu mahei sang da thabidaba kaya amasuni. Khungang kaya amada mahei sang ningthijana houjik faoba leite amadi nupi macha kaya ama mahei tamningbada tamba fangdana leiba su yaori. Amadi mahei tamnaba hotnaba da nupi macha kaya ama khudongchadaba thengnari. Nupisingna ngallingei matamda ta nattana houjik faobada mahei tambada mapung faba ngamdaba mayam yaori maram oina hairaba da – emunggi phibam chadaba, macha nupidei macha nupana henna luna khanba, chatthok chatsinda khudong chadaba asina chingba kya ama leiri. Emunggi phibam chadaba haibasi peisa thoktaba nongmagi chara tanduna leiba emung sing, lairik fana tamhanninglabasu sel paidabana mahei sang da thaduna tamhanba ngamdaba kaya ama leiri. Nongmagi chara faoba ani suna chaba ngamdaba emungda karamna macha nupi adu mahei sang da mahei tamba thagani haibagi wakhan lakadouri. Leiriba fibam sigi mathakta, leingak na primary mahei sang leiriba sing asisu thawoina loudaba, lairik ningthijana taktaba, oja sing nasu lakning matam lakpa, mahei sang faoba fajana semjan sajanbidaba kaya amasu leiri. Aduga emung khara amadana nupibu keisu leitana khanbiba nupidi emungdagi henba yade, chak thongba phisu finai touba, emung manung loisan duna leiga dabani haibiba. Nupina lairik tamlaga sen tingnaba ni khara leiraga mayum pankhragadoubani hekta mak haibiba asigumba kaya amasuni. Machanupa gidi afaba mahei sang  da thadaba yade haina khanba, nupi oiba gi hakpu munbiba namthaduna thamba, manaba mityeng da yengbidaba asigumba kaya amasu leiri.

Emanabi amagi wari

Matang asida eigee khungang da piklingeida gi houminnarakpa marup amagee wari samlapne hapchage: Eigee hairiba marup asiga eiga piklingeida gi houna yamna nungshi channa na loina rak e. Class 2 faoba mahei sang amattada punna tammin narak e, class 3 dei ebani mak mahei sang tongan tonganba da hongnare. Mahei sang pundrabasu ebani numit khuding unei sanna minnarak-e. Matamna ahongba porakpa na eisu Manipur gi wangmada college tamba chattle masu Manipur gi college amada makha tamtharammi adubu eina graduation loiraga thoklakpa da madi graduation loisallam de, loiramdai aroiba chahi da tokle haina eingonda hairak-e . Makhoigi emung manung kaa-henna waba di natte adubu mache moupwa singna tamna raga mana keigi tok eba no haina hangluba da mahakna hairakhi moupanupa gi maning thungjanaba amadi lairik makha fajana tamjanaba mama mapa doh wadanaba tokpane hairak khi. Eina keigino nakhoi akhoidouna wabasu natte graduation du fouba di loisanba yaidara hairuba da mama duna asumna hairak e “oisu oiraroidaba da sen tingla keidoudoino, lairik ta thawaisu yaode famja charaga leidoi saruk phi-phanek saraga emunggi mateng panglaga leijani, nupina lairik yamna kuina tamma keidoudoini sen tingba yaba tinglaga mayum panthok khini.”  Masigee waheisina eigi esa da yamna nungaitaba faorak khi aduna eina “nachase yumdasu maning thunghanda awaba piba, nupa mayumda amuk meenai oiba thadoinine, ana ayek yaorak a kandadi nacha nupi na lak aga seba toudoini namou nupiduna nacha nupa duna toudana kayam toudourige, nacha do migi mayumda chatkhidoine chattringeida matik chaba mi ama oihallaga chathanba di yadabra, masana matik chagradi mawa duna fatlamdrabasu masana suja nomjaraga laina hingba ngamjanaba haina toubiba yadabro..? Thabak ama toujaba haise mana yum panba dasu emung duna hanthana su yenglak oidourine” haina saoningboi kei oi haikhi. Mama duna khangdre khangdre masana tamjaba tokcharage hairak-e, college su ethi nungaina kade lairiksu fajana pade aduna kei kannadoino tamlaga hairamlaga chatkhi. Emannabi duna eigonda asumna hairakhi “eidi lairik su kaya faba oide aduga ei admission matangdo enaopagi hostel changbei sen chinnaba matang oibaga baba hoina tok-o sen chille hairak padagi tokpane tamba budi eisu yam tamningi, aado moida awaba piba do nungaitaba gine.”

Nupi bu Lairik Tamhanbagi Maru

Matang asida eina fongdok ninglibadi houjik chaokhatle hairabasu nupi sing Manipur gi mafam kya amada lairik ningthina tamba fangdaba yamna leiri. Fana tamninglaba su emunggi awa ana ubada adummuk tamba ngamde, aduga emung amada nupina lairik tambada pukning thougatpidaba su leitaba natte. Emung ayamba macha nupa na henna mi oihoudaba yade amadi nupa dana hanna yengsingba oina adummak tounari. Masinasu maram oiraga ngasi fouba da nupi nupa thong manaba khunnai ama semba ngamdabani. Matang asida hangningliba di nupi singse mee nattrabara? Makhoibu ponda  adummak fajanduna thamlage haibra? Mahei ama tamba da nupi nupa karigi khairi? Leisaringeidasu emunggi akup ata gi thabak touba yum pallaba su adummak amukka henna awaba piba. Adubu ngasifaoba nupi amatana ware ngamdre haina khollao laode masagi thoudangne haina adum toujari, aningba apamba kya amasu katthokpa, mayamgi seba toubana ethouni haina khanjaduna su adumak hingli, aduga masida amuksu hanthana ubibada nattana tuhatpibasu yaori. Nungsi khraba mama mapa machin manao adu kainaraga nupa dugi amuk seba toujaruge haina amuk matung ellibani, nupa amatana magi mama mapa adu thadok tuna natung ellaktabani. Manaba khunnai semse hairaba di nupi singbu su meeoiba ama oina nupa nupi khaina ubiba asini. 

Waroisin

Mamangeidagi houraga lamdam asida nupina maru oiba thoudang kaya louduna lakli; natki-oiba, senmitlon gi oiba thoudang kaya ama nupi oibi singna mamai leiba toudana louduna lakli. Ariba, mayek yaodana chinhai oina lairk tamlingei matam dagi houna nupi oibi sing lousin tansinbagi apambadudi uttuna lakli.  British na Manipur da laklaba matungda nupi sing gi mahei-masing tambagi lambida anouba mangal ama lakkhi. Matamduda British ki leingak amasung Christian Missionaries kangbuna tam amasung ching-gi mafam khudingmakta nupibu lairik tamhanba si yamna maru oi haiduna thoudang kaya loukhatkhi, masina eikhoigi chaokhat khongthang da mateng oikhi. Masina nupi gi punsi da ahongba kaya purakkhi. Asumna ahongba kaya lakkhibadagi nupisingna emung-manungda, yumban-keibanbada amasung leingaklon ki oiba tongan-tonganba maikeida masagi oiba wakhallon puthoktuna saruk yarakpa hourakhi. Asum toudana lairik heiba nupi singna leibak ki chaokhat khongthangda, anouba Manipur khunnai ama sembagi lambi yattuna lakli. Adumak oiduna su lamdamsigi fattraba wakhallon nupasingna nupibu namthaduna thamba nupina mapan thoktuna wa ngangba thabak toubada yaningdaba nupidi nupa gi makhada leigadabani haibagi wakhallon masina maram oiduna ngasisu nupi singgi mapham sengna leitri. Waroisin oina amuk hanna thamba yaabadi, ngallingei matam tada nattana houjik su meeoi kharadi “nupina lairik tamlaga kari kanadoina, khara leiraga mayum pangrani, sen tingnabani tamhallunu” haiba wakhallon asi puduna chatli. Masina maram oiduna nupi singdasu lairik tambana makhoigi emungda awaba nanghallabane khanjaduna tuminna leiba kaya amasu leiri. Masi gi wakhallon asi akhoina muthatpa tai anouba khunnai ama semse hairabadi. 

Neinakhiba Lairik Sing 

1. Women’s Education in the Valley Areas of Manipur (1891-1947) A Historical Study, Dr. Sh. Shantibala Devi. Associate Professor Dept.of history, N.G.College, Imphal.

2. Development Of Education Institutions In Colonial Manipur (1891-1947), Pureshwor Nameirakpam. Research Scholar, Economics Department, M.U, Manipur.

3. Development Of Women’s Education In Manipur, Devi, M. S. New Delhi, 2001.